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   1 Deborah Johnson, "Professional Ethics" in Deborah Johnson & Helen Nissenbaum, Computers, Ethics & Social Values, Prentice Hall, 1995.

   2 Alan Goldman, The Moral Foundations of Professional Ethics (Totowa, N. J.: Rowan and Littlefield, 1980).

   3 Marcia Baron, The Moral Status of Loyalty (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1984).

   4 See Michael Bayles, Professional Ethics (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1981) for these and other models of the client professional relationship.

   5 Robert F. Ladenson, "The Social Responsibilities of Engineers and Scientists: A Philosophical Approach," in Ethical Problems in Engineering, Volume 1, 2nd ed., Albert Flores (Troy, N.Y.: Human Dimensions Center, 1980).

   6 Kenneth Alpern, "Moral Responsibility for Engineers," Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 2, no. 2 (1983), 39-56.

   7 For a fuller analysis of Alpern, see Deborah G.Johnson, "Do Engineers Have Social Responsibilities?" Journal of Applied Philosophy, 9, no. I (1992), 21-34.

   8 I have identified these same characteristics of the work of engineers in "Do Engineers Have Social Responsibilities?" pp. 22-23.

   9 Edwin Layton, The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971, 1986).

   10 A good deal has been written about whistle-blowing. See, for example, Gene G. James, "In Defense of Whistleblowing," Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, ed. Hoffman and Mills (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983); and James C. Petersen and Dan Farrell, Whistleblowing: Ethical and Legal Issues in Expressing Dissent (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1986).

   11 Robert M. Anderson et al., Divided Loyalties: Whistle-Blowing at BART (West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University, 1980).

   12 David Parnas, "Professional Responsibility to Blow the Whistle on SDI," Abacus, 4, no. 2 (1987), 46-52.

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   Last modified: Wed Jan 12 21:21:10 JST 2000