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1 Helen Nissenbaum "Should I Copy My Neighbor's Software?" in Deborah G. Johnson & Helen Nissenbaum (eds.), Computers, Ethics & Social Values, Prentice Hall, 1995.

2 Richard Stallman$B!#(BFSF(Free Software Foundation)$B$N


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Last modified: Wed Jan 12 16:58:06 JST 2000